Does $INTC really need subsidies from Congress to build a factory in Ohio?

No, because Intel is a well-capitalized business and they don't need any financial support from the government to build factories in America. Subsidies will only make management lazier and less interested in remaining competitive.

Looking at China's semiconductor industry, despite the government pouring billions of dollars, Chinese chips aren't as great compared to foreign chips.

If Intel really needs a reason to build a chip factory in Ohio, it would be because it needs to diversify its operations and reduce the geopolitical risks that it's exposed to in Asia.

Source: https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/23/intel-warns-ohio-expansion-could-be-delayed-because-congress-is-dragging-its-feet-on-funding.html