We can learn from the past to prepare for the future.

Recoveries tend to look like this one from 2002-2007 (see image).

Market corrections and bear markets have always been followed by recoveries and bull markets.

Reviewing charts such as those on the History and Perspective page show that the long-term direction of the stock market is up in spite of corrections, bear markets, recessions, and other transitory events which is reassuring and helps establish appropriate expectations and confidence.

History doesn't repeat itself, but it often rhymes (Mark Twain).

I repeat myself to try to learn and remember--and to help others do the same.

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